Maximize job site versatility with crawler dumpers

When you must haul heavy loads over rough or soft terrain, you need a crawler dumper. While a truck can do the trick on paved or hard-packed surfaces, a crawler dumper is invaluable when the ground is hilly or muddy and when your job site is too small to accommodate a truck's turning radius. Because crawler dumpers are equipped with tracks, they can also tackle steep slopes with ease due to their low centre of gravity, using their tracks for better grip and stability and preventing them from tipping over. 

"Crawler dumper tracks distribute the vehicle's weight over a larger surface as compared with wheels," says Lee Padgett, national product manager for Takeuchi-US. "This reduces their ground pressure and prevents them from sinking into soft ground — mud, sand, or any soft terrain where a wheeled vehicle might get bogged down and stuck."

For all these reasons and more, crawler dumpers are ideal for use in the construction, mining, forestry, landscaping, and agriculture industries. These machines can move gravel, soil, and other materials across potentially unstable ground. They can also assist with site prep, create embankments, or level large areas.

"Because crawler dumpers are so versatile, they're growing in popularity," Padgett says. "They're compact, yet powerful, able to operate in confined spaces and in fragile areas that can't support a heavy dump truck. As more construction takes place in urban areas, and as governments increase infrastructure spending, we're seeing more demand for crawler dumpers, which is why Takeuchi introduced the new TCR50-2 model to North America back in June." 

Crawler dumper buying tips

If a crawler dumper sounds like a machine you might want to add to your fleet, Padgett says there are some decision factors that can help you determine which model is best for your specific needs. 

Payload capacity

It's important to determine the maximum load your dumper will need to carry. The machine's payload capacity should align with the volume and weight of the materials it will need to transport. 

"If the task at hand involves moving large volumes of material, such as bulk earthmoving or large-scale mining operations, a dumper with a high payload capacity can reduce the number of trips required," says Padgett. "However, for smaller, less demanding tasks, a dumper with a lower payload might be sufficient and more cost effective."

Travel speed 

A crawler dumper that can move quickly can improve productivity, particularly on larger project sites. However, depending on the terrain where you'll be working, speed may be less critical than stability and traction. 

Bed rotation

Crawler dumpers can feature beds that rotate, making it easier to more precisely dump material in any direction without repositioning the entire machine. This is especially useful in confined or narrow spaces where turning the entire vehicle is not feasible. Rotating beds also reduces wear and tear on tracks because the crawler dumper doesn't need to pivot or make sharp turns as frequently.

Size and dimensions

Larger dumpers may have larger payloads, but they could be more challenging to manoeuvre in tight spaces. You'll also want to ensure you have adequate space to store your crawler dumper when it's not in use. 

Track width and durability

Wider tracks help distribute weight more evenly and improve stability on soft or uneven ground. Be sure to assess the ground conditions where you'll be working and choose a compatible track width for optimal performance and minimal ground disturbance. 

"Tracks made from high-quality, wear-resistant materials are more durable and can withstand tough conditions and abrasive surfaces," Padgett says. "Our TCR50-2 features a bogey-style undercarriage with double-flanged track rollers for better ride quality and less susceptibility to de-tracking. You also want rollers that are permanently sealed with metal face seals to prevent damage from dirt and other contaminants."

Gradeability and stability

High gradeability means that the crawler dumper can operate on steep slopes or inclines without compromising stability. A low centre of gravity and wider tracks generally enhance stability.

Engine power and performance

Higher engine power is great when handling heavier loads and challenging terrain, but it may result in greater fuel consumption. Match your operational needs to the machine's engine power for optimal performance and efficiency.

Operational and safety features

As the saying goes, "A comfortable operator is a more productive operator." Ergonomic controls, good visibility, and even features like air conditioning and a radio can lead to safer, more comfortable operation over longer periods of time. 

The most common mistakes Padgett sees people make when choosing a crawler dumper include focusing solely on the machine's initial cost and failing to anticipate future needs. Choosing a crawler dumper based solely on its purchase price doesn't give the full picture of its total cost of ownership. It's important to consider maintenance, fuel efficiency, durability, and warranty. Purchasing a machine only for today's needs means your machine may quickly become inadequate when your business grows, or you take on a larger project. 

"You also want to investigate the manufacturer's reputation for support," Padgett says. "Does the company have a well-established dealer network? Are spare parts readily available? What's their customer service like? You don't want to end up with a machine that's down all the time because you can't get it serviced." 

How to maintain a crawler dumper

Like all machines, regular maintenance is essential to keeping a crawler dumper up and running at top performance. Every manufacturer will provide a comprehensive maintenance schedule, and following that schedule will help prevent breakdowns, provide greater safety, and maximize the machine's efficiency. 

Telematics systems, which can reduce downtime and control costs by providing maintenance reminders and much more, are a go-to feature on crawler dumpers, as they are on nearly every type of heavy equipment today. 

"Telematics systems give owner/operators updates on machine health and condition, run time (hours), and machine location, as well as remote diagnostics, scheduled maintenance reminders, and customizable alert settings," Padgett says. "Our system, Takeuchi Fleet Management (TFM), also gives owners the ability to geofence their machines, helping them protect and secure their investments. These machines aren't cheap, so it's important to take the extra step to make sure they're available when you need them."

In addition to the recommended daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly maintenance, it's a good idea to take your crawler dumper to your dealer's service department for major service intervals, which may include checking out the engine, transmission, or hydraulic components. Scheduling an annual inspection of the entire dumper is also a good idea to test those major systems and all safety features. 

"Takeuchi also recommends keeping detailed records of your maintenance activities, repairs, and inspections," Padgett says. "That will help you keep track of your dumper's condition and any future maintenance needs." 

Operators should be trained on how to perform basic maintenance tasks and recognize the signs of any potential machine issues to prevent the possibility of damaging the crawler dumper. Operators should also be aware of how environmental factors can impact the machine's maintenance needs and how to ensure it remains in good working order. 

Wet conditions can cause mud to accumulate around the undercarriage, tracks, and engine compartment, which could cause overheating, corrosion, and premature track wear if not cleaned out regularly. Dusty, dry conditions can cause dirt to infiltrate various components like filters, cooling systems, and engine parts, making it necessary to clean or replace those components more frequently. Extreme weather can also take a toll on a crawler dumper if it's not properly maintained.

"Extreme cold can affect fluid viscosity, making it harder for the engine to start and operate as it should," Padgett says. "Use the right winter-grade lubricants and ensure the engine and hydraulic system are warmed up before operating the crawler dumper. It's also important to remove any snow or ice to prevent additional load on the tracks and undercarriage."

Hot weather requires frequently checking coolant levels, the radiator, and cooling fans to reduce the risk of overheating. Ensure operators are only using the crawler dumper within the recommended temperature range to prevent any related issues. 

Crawler dumpers provide a unique combination of power, stability, and versatility, making them indispensable for any job that requires moving heavy materials over rough, soft, or other unstable surfaces. By carefully considering factors like payload capacity, track width, and engine performance, you can ensure you're investing in the right crawler dumper for your needs. Moreover, a proactive approach to maintenance will keep these machines in optimal condition, maximizing their lifespan and return on investment. 

"The best crawler dumpers are compact, powerful, and built to last," Padgett says. "By choosing the right machine for your needs and maintaining it diligently, you can ensure your crawler dumper will be able to transport heavy loads over challenging terrain for years to come."

Takeuchi's TCR50-2 crawler dumper is one of Heavy Equipment Guide's 2024 Top Introductions.